Why Flavin and Millau Still Matter

Introduction

Flavin and Millau still matter because they are the two Aveyron cases that GEIPAN, France’s public investigation body for unidentified aerospace phenomena, has kept in its D category: unexplained after investigation, not merely lacking information. Flavin, observed near Rodez in September 1996, is the stronger close-range case: two witnesses described a silent, structured object close to the road and low above the ground. Millau, reported in March 1999, is a faster and thinner case: one witness saw two silent aerial phenomena, one apparently dipping into a valley before rising again. Both sit at the centre of Aveyron’s modern UFO record, but neither should be treated as proof of something extraordinary. Their value is narrower and more useful: they show where official explanation ran out, and where doubt still remains.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr. Overview image for Flavin and Millau

Why these two cases stand out in Aveyron

Aveyron’s GEIPAN record is mixed. The department includes explained or probably explained reports, such as cases attributed to aircraft, the International Space Station, atmospheric re-entry, or other identified phenomena, as well as C cases where the information was too incomplete to support a firm conclusion. In that landscape, Flavin and Millau stand out because they are listed as D cases and described by GEIPAN as strange to very strange, with medium to strong consistency.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

That distinction matters. GEIPAN’s classification system does not use “unidentified” as a single bucket. A cases are identified after investigation; B cases are probably identified; C cases remain unidentified because information is missing or unreliable; D cases remain unidentified after investigation. GEIPAN also states that C and D cases can be revisited if new information is later supplied.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

So Flavin and Millau are not simply “mystery stories”. They are the two Aveyron files where the official record says, in effect: enough was recorded to investigate, but no coherent explanation was reached. That is why they are stronger than many local reports, while still falling far short of confirmed extraordinary events.

What witnesses reported in 1996 and 1999

Flavin, 12 September 1996: a low, silent object close to the road

The Flavin sighting took place on 12 September 1996, at about 8.55 pm local time, near Flavin in Aveyron. GEIPAN records two witnesses: a 40-year-old woman and a 10-year-old girl. The case was formerly published under the name Pont-de-Salars, which is worth noting because older references may use that label rather than Flavin.[Geipan+2Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

The core account is unusually concrete for a UFO file. GEIPAN’s summary describes a circular object, with an ovoid lower section and a cylinder topped by a dome. It reportedly carried bright red lights and a fluorescent green light rotating like a beacon. The adult witness placed it roughly ten metres from the road, about four metres above the ground, and compared its size to more than two cars side by side. The object was described as silent, first stationary, then moving away towards the north or north-west.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

The evidential strength of Flavin comes from more than the shape. The witnesses reportedly made drawings and notes on the evening of the sighting, then spoke to the gendarmerie the following day. GEIPAN says a computer-assisted drawing was later produced by a gendarme from the witnesses’ information. The investigation found no physical traces or other local indicators, and checks of air traffic and radar revealed no abnormal fact. Patrols and searches for additional witnesses were also negative.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

That is exactly why Flavin remains interesting and frustrating. It is not a remote point of light, but it also lacks the kind of independent evidence that could transform a witness case into a stronger physical case. The investigation preserved details early, but found no trace, no radar anomaly, no corroborating press wave, and no second independent witness group. Flavin and Millau illustration 1

Millau, 16 March 1999: two fast, silent aerial phenomena

The Millau case is different in character. GEIPAN records a sighting on 16 March 1999, at about 8.03 pm local time, involving one 40-year-old male witness. He reported two fast aerial phenomena, described as a small orange ball and a ball of sparks or flame-like fragments. The observation lasted only a few seconds and was silent.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

On the surface, that description invites a familiar explanation: a meteor, atmospheric re-entry, fireworks, flares, or some other luminous object crossing the sky. GEIPAN’s own case description acknowledges that possibility by addressing atmospheric re-entry directly. The reason the case was not closed that way is the reported trajectory. One of the two phenomena appeared to dive into the valley before rising again, a movement GEIPAN says ruled out, at least initially, the atmospheric re-entry hypothesis.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

The local setting also matters. GEIPAN notes the proximity of military installations, but says that this did not allow the phenomenon to be identified. In the Millau area, that point naturally brings the Larzac military environment into view: the Larzac plateau lies by Millau, and Camp du Larzac is a military installation around La Cavalerie in the arrondissement of Millau. That context is relevant, but it does not solve the case. GEIPAN’s public file does not identify the objects as military activity.[Geipan+2Mapcarta]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

Millau is therefore less visually detailed than Flavin, but it survives because one key reported feature resists the simplest explanation. If both lights had moved steadily in a conventional straight path, a meteor or re-entry explanation would be much stronger. The claimed valley dip and climb is the hinge of the case.

Why GEIPAN kept them unidentified

The two files remained unidentified for different reasons. Flavin is a structured, close-range report with two witnesses, prompt reporting, drawings, gendarmerie involvement, and negative checks for conventional activity. Millau is a brief luminous event, but with a trajectory that GEIPAN judged hard to reconcile with atmospheric re-entry. Both were updated on GEIPAN’s public database in June 2021 and remain classified D in the current public listings.[Geipan+2Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

The official label should be read carefully. GEIPAN says it collects testimony, analyses data, and investigates through a multidisciplinary approach using recognised scientific knowledge rather than speculation. It also stresses that testimony is central to the process and that witnesses provide structured information through a technical questionnaire, sometimes supported by sketches, photos, videos, or other material.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

In that framework, Flavin’s D status is understandable. The file contains specific witness data and a prompt local investigation, but the checks did not find a normal cause. The object was reportedly too close, too structured, too silent and too low to be comfortably reduced to a planet, a distant aircraft, or a meteor. Yet the absence of traces, radar support and independent corroboration prevents the case from becoming a confirmed physical event.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

Millau’s D status rests on a narrower point. The case is short and single-witness, but GEIPAN says the trajectory of one phenomenon weighs against atmospheric re-entry, and nearby military installations did not provide an identification. In other words, Millau remains unresolved not because it has abundant evidence, but because the recorded description does not fit neatly into the most obvious explanation available to the investigators.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr. Flavin and Millau illustration 2

What makes Flavin the stronger of the two

Flavin is the more substantial Aveyron case because it contains more testable witness detail. It has two observers in the same vehicle, an object described as close to the ground, a reported distance, a size comparison, colour details, a direction of departure, immediate drawings and next-day gendarmerie testimony. Those features do not prove the account, but they give investigators more to work with than a brief distant light report.[Geipan+2Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

Its strongest points are straightforward:<div class="content-enhancement content-enhancement--insight-grid" markdown="1">

Proximity: the adult witness placed the object about ten metres away, which makes the claim more dramatic than a distant light.
Structure: the description includes a lower ovoid form, cylinder, dome and lights, rather than only brightness or colour.
Silence: the object was described as silent despite being close and apparently large.
Prompt documentation: GEIPAN says drawings and notes were made the same evening and gendarmerie testimony followed the next day.

Why Millau remains intriguing but thinner

Millau is intriguing because it sits on the border between an ordinary luminous sky event and an anomalous trajectory claim. Two fast, silent lights with orange, white or flame-like features could easily suggest a meteor, debris, flares or pyrotechnics. GEIPAN’s public file does not ignore that route; it says the trajectory of one of the two objects set aside the atmospheric re-entry hypothesis at first glance.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

The case is thinner because it lacks the layered detail found at Flavin. It appears to rest on a single witness, lasted only a few seconds, and gives no public indication of radar confirmation, photographs, physical traces, multiple independent observers, or recovered debris. The witness page records two separate phenomena, a fast speed, a tail or trail, orange-fire and white colouring, and total silence, but those details still sit within the broad family of luminous aerial reports.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

The strongest argument for keeping Millau in the unresolved group is not that the objects were spectacular, but that the reported movement was awkward for a simple re-entry explanation. The strongest doubt is that a few seconds of observation over valley terrain can distort perceived height, direction and distance. A light seen against relief, especially around Millau’s valleys and plateaux, may appear to descend or rise when it is actually moving on a steadier path relative to the observer.<div class="youtube-embed-container youtube-embed-fallback youtube-embed-link-only"><div class="youtube-embed-card"><div class="youtube-embed-link-panel">YouTubeGovernment Breaks Silence: Strange Encounters | UFO's Investigating the Unknown</div><div class="youtube-embed-footer"><p class="youtube-embed-title">Government Breaks Silence: Strange Encounters | UFO's Investigating the Unknown</p><p class="youtube-embed-meta">Channel: National Geographic · Views: 7.2M · Uploaded: April 2024 · Length: 42 minutes</p><p class="youtube-embed-actions">Open on YouTube</p></div></div></div>

What the strongest doubts still are

The biggest doubt in both cases is not whether the witnesses were sincere. The better question is whether the available evidence can separate an unusual perception of a normal event from an event that truly had unusual physical behaviour. GEIPAN itself builds its process around witness reports, but it also distinguishes between cases explained after investigation, cases probably explained, cases lacking reliable information and cases still unidentified after investigation.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

For Flavin, the most serious doubts are the missing external supports. A large, silent, low object close to a road should be a high-value case, yet the investigation found no physical trace, no radar abnormality, no abnormal air-traffic data, no nearby corroborating witnesses and no similar local media reports. The adult and child witness accounts also differ in some details: the adult witness page records a distance of ten metres, total silence and an ovoid form larger than two cars, while the child witness page describes a spherical or ball-like form and does not give the same distance detail. Such variation is not unusual in real shared observations, but it matters when the case depends heavily on memory and description.[Geipan+2Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

For Millau, the key doubt is brevity. The entire event lasted only a few seconds. Fast luminous objects can be difficult to judge, especially when the observer must estimate distance, altitude, trajectory and scale with little time and no fixed reference. The “dipped into the valley then rose” feature is the part that keeps the case alive, but it is also the feature most vulnerable to perspective error if the actual distance and path were uncertain.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

A second Millau doubt is the military-context temptation. The public file mentions nearby military installations, and the Larzac area does have a military history and active military geography. But “near military installations” is not an explanation by itself. It can widen the list of possible causes, such as exercises or flares, while also leaving the official file unresolved if checks do not identify a matching activity.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr. Flavin and Millau illustration 3

What these cases do, and do not, prove

Flavin and Millau prove something modest but important: Aveyron has two official UFO files where France’s specialist public body did not find a satisfactory conventional explanation. They do not prove alien craft, secret technology, or a hidden local pattern. A D classification means unidentified after investigation; it is not a positive identification of an extraordinary cause.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

The difference between the two cases is useful for reading Aveyron’s wider record. Flavin is a stronger witness case because it is close-range, detailed, promptly reported and investigated. Millau is a weaker but still unresolved event because it is brief and single-witness, yet its reported trajectory troubled the obvious re-entry explanation. Together they form a pair rather than a wave: two unresolved points in a department otherwise marked by scattered reports of mixed quality and many more ordinary explanations.[Geipan]cnes-geipan.frOpen source on cnes-geipan.fr.

The fairest conclusion is therefore balanced. Flavin deserves to be treated as Aveyron’s strongest unresolved case, especially because of the close-range description and early gendarmerie involvement. Millau deserves a place beside it because GEIPAN explicitly left it in category D, but it should be read more cautiously because the observation was short and less corroborated. Both remain unresolved; neither is a trump card. Their real importance is that they show the line between “not explained” and “proved extraordinary” — a line that responsible UFO history in Aveyron has to keep visible.<section class="further-reading-section" data-page-toc-exclude aria-labelledby="further-reading-title"><div class="fr-section-shell"><div class="fr-section-header"><div class="fr-section-heading"><p class="fr-section-kicker">Amazon book picks</p><h3 class="fr-heading" id="further-reading-title">Further Reading</h3></div><p class="fr-intro">Books and field guides related to Why Flavin and Millau Still Matter. 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Endnotes

1. Source: mapcarta.com
Title: Camp du Larzac Map
Link:https://mapcarta.com/W34767972

2. Source: geipan.fr
Link:https://geipan.fr/en/node/52705

3. Source: geipan.fr
Link:https://www.geipan.fr/en/search/cas?field_agregation_index_value=&field_classification_des_cas_target_id%5B0%5D=13&field_classification_des_cas_target_id%5B1%5D=14&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_date_value=&field_departement_target_id=&field_document_existe_ou_pas_value=All&field_is_new_value=All&field_is_revisited_value=All&field_latitude_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_latitude_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_longitude_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_longitude_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_phenomene_target_id=&field_type_de_cas_target_id=All&order=field_departement_textuel&page=%2C91&select-category-export=nothing&sort=desc

4. Source: geipan.fr
Link:https://geipan.fr/en/search/cas?field_is_revisited_value=All&field_type_de_cas_target_id=All&order=field_date&page=%2C385&sort=desc

5. Source: geipan.fr
Link:https://www.geipan.fr/en/recherche/cas/tab?field_agregation_index_value=&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_departement_target_id=&field_document_existe_ou_pas_value=All&field_phenomene_target_id=&field_type_de_cas_target_id=All&order=field_date&page=161&select-category-export=nothing&sort=desc

6. Source: geipan.fr
Link:https://geipan.fr/en/recherche/cas/tab?order=field_date_d_observation&page=50&sort=asc

7. Source: geipan.fr
Link:https://www.geipan.fr/fr/recherche/cas?field_agregation_index_value=&field_classification_des_cas_target_id%5B0%5D=13&field_classification_des_cas_target_id%5B1%5D=14&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_date_value=&field_departement_target_id=&field_document_existe_ou_pas_value=All&field_is_new_value=All&field_is_revisited_value=All&field_latitude_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_latitude_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_longitude_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_longitude_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_phenomene_target_id=&field_type_de_cas_target_id=All&order=field_departement_textuel&page=%2C85&select-category-export=nothing&sort=desc

8. Source: geipan.fr
Link:https://www.geipan.fr/fr/recherche/cas?amp=&field_agregation_index_value=&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_date_value=&field_departement_target_id=&field_document_existe_ou_pas_value=All&field_is_new_value=All&field_is_revisited_value=All&field_latitude_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_latitude_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_longitude_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_longitude_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_phenomene_target_id=&field_type_de_cas_target_id=All&order=title&page=%2C385&sort=desc

9. Source: geipan.fr
Link:https://www.geipan.fr/fr/recherche/cas/tab?field_is_revisited_value=All&field_type_de_cas_target_id=All&order=field_departement_textuel&page=151&sort=desc

10. Source: flavin.fr
Link:https://flavin.fr/presentation/

11. Source: archives.aveyron.fr
Title: fr FLAVI N (Aveyron)
Link:https://archives.aveyron.fr/archive/catalogue/communes12/flavin-aveyron/n%3A152

12. Source: youtube.com
Title: UFO Sightings at Nuclear Bases (Full Episode) | UFOs: Investigating the Unknown
Link:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54_bxf7n3Oo

<summary>Source snippet</summary><p>GEIPAN Category D cases France UFO OVNI: un ancien du GEIPAN et du MUFON parle enfin…</p>

13. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://cnes-geipan.fr/fr/cas/1997-11-01489

14. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/fr/cas/1999-03-01528

15. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/fr/recherche/cas/tab?customGetLattitude=46.124763699209396&customGetLongitude=2.4169921874999996&customGetZoom=6&field_agregation_index_value=&field_classification_des_cas_target_id=All&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_date_value=&field_departement_target_id=&field_document_existe_ou_pas_value=All&field_is_new_value=All&field_is_revisited_value=All&field_latitude_value%5Bmax%5D=50.52739681329302&field_latitude_value%5Bmin%5D=41.72213058512578&field_longitude_value%5Bmax%5D=9.8876953125&field_longitude_value%5Bmin%5D=-5.053710937500001&field_phenomene_target_id=&field_type_de_cas_target_id=All&order=field_departement_textuel&page=15%2C33&sort=asc

16. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/en/recherche/cas/tab?field_document_existe_ou_pas_value=All&field_is_new_value=All&field_is_revisited_value=All&field_type_de_cas_target_id=All&order=field_departement_textuel&page=15&sort=asc

17. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/en/node/58788

18. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/en/node/412

19. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://cnes-geipan.fr/fr/temoignage/6002

20. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://cnes-geipan.fr/fr/temoignage/6003

21. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/fr/temoignage/6209

22. Source: Wikipedia
Title: Camp du Larzac
Link:https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_du_Larzac

23. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/en/missions-methodes-et-resultats

24. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/en/what-did-i-see/step-1

25. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
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26. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
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27. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
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28. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
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29. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
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31. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Title: Tableau temoignages R
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/sites/default/files/Tableau%20temoignages-R.pdf

32. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Title: 03 ROSPARS full
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/sites/default/files/03_ROSPARS_full.pdf

33. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/en/search/cas?order=field_date&page=%2C374&sort=desc

34. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/en/search/cas?field_agregation_index_value=&field_classification_des_cas_target_id%5B14%5D=14&field_classification_des_cas_target_id%5B15%5D=15&field_classification_des_cas_target_id%5B16%5D=16&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_date_value=&field_departement_target_id=&field_document_existe_ou_pas_value=All&field_is_new_value=All&field_is_revisited_value=All&field_latitude_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_latitude_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_longitude_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_longitude_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_phenomene_target_id=&field_type_de_cas_target_id=All&order=title&page=1%2C7&select-category-export=nothing&sort=desc

35. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://cnes-geipan.fr/fr/recherche/cas/tab?field_agregation_index_value=&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_date_d_observation_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_date_value=2007-03-01&field_departement_target_id=&field_document_existe_ou_pas_value=All&field_is_new_value=All&field_is_revisited_value=All&field_latitude_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_latitude_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_longitude_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_longitude_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_phenomene_target_id=&field_type_de_cas_target_id=All&order=field_departement_textuel&page=150%2C34&sort=desc

36. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/fr/recherche/cas/tab?field_is_new_value=All&field_is_revisited_value=All&field_type_de_cas_target_id=All&order=field_departement_textuel&page=15%2C37&sort=asc

37. Source: cnes-geipan.fr
Link:https://www.cnes-geipan.fr/fr/recherche/cas/tab?field_document_existe_ou_pas_value=All&field_is_new_value=All&field_is_revisited_value=All&field_type_de_cas_target_id=All&order=field_departement_textuel&page=151&sort=desc

38. Source: Wikipedia
Link:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larzac

39. Source: Wikipedia
Title: Camp du Larzac
Link:https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_du_Larzac

40. Source: cnes.fr
Link:https://cnes.fr/en/projects/geipan

41. Source: uapedia.ai
Link:https://uapedia.ai/wiki/geipan-frances-official-uap-unit/

42. Source: academieairespace.com
Link:https://academieairespace.com/event/geipan-studies-uaps-ufos/?lang=en

43. Source: academia.edu
Link:https://www.academia.edu/99067452/GEIPAN_classification_with_text_mining_and_machine_learning

Additional References

44. Source: youtube.com
Link:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDxYZyMEmUU

<summary>Source snippet</summary><p>UFO's: Investigating the Unknown MEGA EPISODE | Secret Programs and Close Encounters | Nat Geo…</p>

45. Source: youtube.com
Link:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WwGGuQljl4

<summary>Source snippet</summary><p>Government Breaks Silence: Strange Encounters | UFO's Investigating the Unknown…</p>

46. Source: youtube.com
Title: Government Breaks Silence: Strange Encounters | UFO’s Investigating the Unknown
Link:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXO_RwR1UA8

<summary>Source snippet</summary><p>UFO Sightings at Nuclear Bases (Full Episode) | UFOs: Investigating the Unknown…</p>

47. Source: arxiv.org
Link:https://arxiv.org/html/2502.06794v2

48. Source: youtube.com
Title: Meeting France’s UFO detectives • FRANCE 24 English
Link:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zczcBLukQ6s

<summary>Source snippet</summary><p>UFO Truths Exposed | UFOs: Investigating the Unknown MEGA Episode | National Geographic…</p>

49. Source: researchgate.net
Link:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376891986_A_global_picture_of_unidentified_anomalous_phenomena_Towards_a_cross-cultural_understanding_of_a_potentially_universal_issue

50. Source: facebook.com
Link:https://www.facebook.com/TheFrenchHistoryPodcast/posts/a-drawing-from-the-files-at-the-french-ufo-department/1337099231754482/

51. Source: tourisme-aveyron.com
Link:https://www.tourisme-aveyron.com/en/diffusio/campsites/eco-camping-du-larzac-millau_TFO18212371907

52. Source: facebook.com
Link:https://www.facebook.com/FRANCE24.English/posts/-franceinfocus-is-there-anybody-out-there-in-france-an-organisation-exists-whose/860539629578748/

53. Source: explore-millau.com
Link:https://www.explore-millau.com/en/the-must-haves/larzac/